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1981 strike at the Piast Coal Mine in Bieruń
The 1981 strike at the Piast Coal Mine in Bieruń was the longest underground protest in the postwar history of Polish mining, and the longest strike of the martial law in Poland. It began on December 14, 1981, one day after introduction of the martial law, and ended on December 28, when approximately 1,000 protesting miners emerged from the mine. They spent two weeks underground, including Christmas, and ended the protest after the government guaranteed their safety.〔
== Background ==
On December 13, 1981, the government of People's Republic of Poland introduced martial law, in order to suppress political opposition, mainly the Solidarity movement. This decision was met with resistance from workers in enterprises across the country. Most major Polish factories went on strike, such as Katowice Steelworks, Gdańsk Shipyard, Szczecin Shipyard, Huta Stalowa Wola, Vladimir Lenin Steelworks, and Ursus Factory.〔(Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. OBÓZ WŁADZY W STANIE WOJENNYM by Grzegorz Majchrzak. )〕 The workers demanded the end of the martial law and the release of imprisoned Solidarity leaders.
Industrial actions also took place in several coal mines in Upper Silesia, where an attack against the workers occurred at Wujek Coal Mine in Katowice (see Pacification of Wujek). Altogether, after the introduction of the martial law, fifty Upper Silesian enterprises went on strike, including twenty five coal mines.〔(Nowe Państwo, Najdłuższy strajk - Kopalnia „Piast” 14-28 grudnia 1981 r. by Andrzej Sznajder, IPN Katowice )〕 The Piast Coal Mine, located in the town of Bieruń, was one of them, but the very fact that the strike there lasted for so long, was a surprise. Piast was one of the newest coal mines in the region. Opened in 1976, in 1981 it employed some 7,000 people. Most of them were young, inexperienced miners, recruited from other parts of Poland. The crew was not integrated, and the miners did not identify themselves with the mine.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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